Martin (1992: 193):
Within consequential relations the basic opposition is between how and why.
MANNER (sufficient conditions)[4:55] How did you win?— By training hard.
CAUSE (necessary conditions)[4:56] Why did you win?— Because we trained hard.
Blogger Comments:
[1] This is a fundamental category error. Cause ('why') and manner ('how') are logically distinct categories. The error is compounded by subsuming both under 'consequential', a feature of a third logical type: condition.
[2] It is a category error to construe the distinction between manner and cause as the distinction between sufficient and necessary conditions.
A sufficient condition for some state of affairs S is a condition that, if satisfied, guarantees that S obtains. A necessary condition for some state of affairs S is a condition that must be satisfied in order for S to obtain.
The manner training hard is not a condition that guarantees we did win.
The cause we trained hard is not a condition that must be satisfied for we did win.
See also necessary and sufficient causes here.
The manner training hard is not a condition that guarantees we did win.
The cause we trained hard is not a condition that must be satisfied for we did win.
See also necessary and sufficient causes here.
